Revisional One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) After Intrathoracic Migration of Nissen Fundoplication.

According to the latest IFSO recommendations, bariatric and metabolic surgery is the recommended treatment for patients with a BMI above 35 kg/m2 (with or without associated pathology), achieving good results in terms of weight loss in the medium to long term, as well as improving a significant percentage of comorbidities in this type of patient (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)...). The incidence of GERD is higher in patients with obesity, with more severe symptoms. Over the years, Nissen fundoplication has been the gold standard treatment for patients with GERD who do not respond to medical treatment. However, in patients with obesity, gastric bypass is a valid option to consider. We present the case of a patient who had previously undergone anti-reflux surgery (laparoscopic Nissen) for GERD, with favorable evolution, who presented intrathoracic migration of the same after 8 years, with new onset of symptoms, and who was offered revision bariatric surgery. The video presents on the performance of OAGB in a patient who had previously undergone antireflux surgery, with intrathoracic Nissen. Performing this technique after a previous Nissen fundoplication (as well as migration of the Nissen) is a somewhat more complex procedure than primary surgery but can be performed safely with careful technique (there are often previous adhesions that hinder mobility and separation of the fundoplication) and provides good symptom control.

Bile reflux and marginal ulcers after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). A narrative review.

One-anastomosis gastric bypass has now become the third most commonly performed bariatric technique worldwide. However, as a consequence of the configuration of this surgery, it can present some chronic complications (anastomotic mouth ulcers and biliary reflux) that physicians must come to better understand and assess. In this narrative review, we aimed to update our knowledge of both the diagnosis and treatment of these two complications in the context of bariatric surgeries. We concluded that a series of pre-, intra-, and postoperative preventive strategies should be considered by surgeons to help reduce the appearance of these complications.

Is the Increase in Record of Skin Wounds in Hospitalized Patients in Internal Medicine Units a Side Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Wound care is an important public health challenge that is present in all areas of the healthcare system, whether in hospitals, long term care institutions or in the community. We aimed to quantify the number of skin wounds reported after and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive longitudinal retrospective study compared of wound records in patients hospitalized in the internal medicine service during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (from 1 March 2020, to 28 February 2021) and previous-year to the outbreak (from 1 January 2019, to 31 December 2019). A sample of 1979 episodes was collected corresponding to 932 inpatients, 434 from the pre-pandemic year and 498 from the first year of COVID-19 pandemic; 147 inpatients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (3.2%). The percentage of wound episodes in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was higher than the pre-pandemic year, 17.9% (1092/6090) versus 15% (887/5906), with a significant increase in the months with the highest incidence of COVID cases. This study shows an increase in the burden of wound care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be attributable to the increase in the number of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection in internal medicine units.

Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Anastomosis in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial (The IVEA-study).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term outcomes of performing intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon neoplasm. BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the laparoscopic approach in colorectal surgery and the clear benefit of this approach over open surgery, because of the technical difficulty in performing intracorporeal anastomosis (IA), some continue to perform it extracorporeally in right colon surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective multicenter randomized trial with 2 parallel groups on which either IA or extracorporeal anastomosis was performed in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon neoplasm, carried out between January 2016 and December 2018. RESULTS: A total of 168 patients were randomized during the study period. At baseline, the 2 groups were comparable for age, sex, body mass index, surgical risk, and comorbidity. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 7 days with no differences between the groups. About 70% of patients had an uneventful postoperative period without complications. The most common complications were paralytic ileus (20.63%; 33), surgical site infection (SSI) (10%; 16), and anastomotic leakage (6.25%; 10). The results show a lower level of SSI in the IA group (3.65% vs. 16.67%, P=0.008). Other complications do not show statistically significant differences between groups. Likewise, the incision for the extraction of the specimen was smaller in the IA group (P=0.000) and creation of the anastomosis intracorporeally decreased postoperative pain (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to the extracorporeal technique, IA decreased postoperative pain, incision size, and SSI. Further studies will be needed to verify our findings.

Predictive Model of the Risk of In-Hospital Mortality in Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Based on the Minimum Basic Data Set.

BACKGROUND: Various models have been proposed to predict mortality rates for hospital patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. However, none have been developed in Spain using clinical administrative databases and none are based exclusively on the variables available upon admission. Our study aim is to detect factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and, on this basis, to generate a predictive mortality score. METHODS: A population cohort for analysis was obtained as all hospital admissions for colorectal cancer during the period 2008-2014, according to the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. The main measure was actual and expected mortality after the application of the considered mathematical model. A logistic regression model and a mortality score were created, and internal validation was performed. RESULTS: 115,841 hospitalization episodes were studied. Of these, 80% were included in the training set. The variables associated with in-hospital mortality were age (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.05-1.06), urgent admission (OR: 4.68, 95% CI: 4.36-5.02), pulmonary disease (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.28-1.60), stroke (OR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.53-2.29) and renal insufficiency (OR: 7.26, 95%CI: 6.65-7.94). The level of discrimination (area under the curve) was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: This mortality model is the first to be based on administrative clinical databases and hospitalization episodes. The model achieves a moderate-high level of discrimination.

Uso de la sutura barbada para el cierre de la enterocolotomía tras hemicolectomía derecha con anastomosis intracorpórea. Estudio prospectivo descriptivo / Use of barbed suture for the closure of enterocolotomy after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis. A prospective descriptive study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Posiblemente la parte técnica que más destreza precisa en laparoscopia es la realización de anastomosis y suturas intracorpóreas. La aparición de las nuevas suturas barbadas durante los últimos años parece facilitar dichos gestos quirúrgicos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar los resultados a corto plazo en pacientes con neoplasias de colon derecho, tras hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica con anastomosis intracorpórea mediante la utilización de sutura barbada en el cierre de la enterocolotomía. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo prospectivo multicéntrico en el que se incluyen pacientes que han sido intervenidos mediante hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica por patología neoplásica colónica entre junio del 2015 y diciembre del 2018. En todos ellos se realizó la anastomosis intracorpórea mediante el uso de endocortadora y el cierre de la enterocolotomía mediante una doble capa de sutura barbada. RESULTADOS: Se ha intervenido a un total de 80 pacientes (47,5% mujeres), con una edad media de 70,6 ± 9 (49-92) años. El tiempo operatorio medio fue 99,5 ± 38 min. Un 2,5% de la muestra presentó dehiscencia de anastomosis y se tuvo que reintervenir a 5 pacientes (6,2%) como consecuencia de 2 dehiscencias, 2 cuadros obstructivos y un sangrado peritoneal. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 7 (3-173) días. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la sutura barbada en la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica con anastomosis intracorpórea parece presentar una morbilidad similar a las series descritas en la literatura. En cualquier caso, serían necesarios estudios con mayor número de pacientes, prospectivos, controlados y aleatorizados para confirmar estos hallazgos

INTRODUCTION: Performing intracorporeal anastomoses and sutures is possibly the technique that requires the greatest skill in laparoscopic surgery. The appearance of the new barbed sutures in recent years has seemed to facilitate this surgical step. The aim of our study is to evaluate short-term results in patients with neoplasms of the right colon, after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis using barbed suture at the closure of the enterocolotomy. METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, descriptive study that includes patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for neoplastic colonic pathologies between June 2015 and December 2018. In all patients, the intracorporeal anastomosis was performed using the endocutter, and closure of the enterocolotomy was done with a double layer of barbed suture. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were treated (47.5% women), with an average age of 70.6 ± 9 (49-92) years. The average operative time was 99.5 ± 38 minutes Anastomotic dehiscence was observed in 2.5% of the sample, and 5 patients required re-operation (6.2%) as a result of 2 leaks, 2 obstructive symptoms and one peritoneal bleeding. Mean hospital stay was 7 (3-173) days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of barbed suture in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis seems to present a morbidity similar to series described in literature. Prospective, controlled and randomized studies with a larger number of patients would be necessary to confirm these findings

Use of barbed suture for the closure of enterocolotomy after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis. A prospective descriptive study. / Uso de la sutura barbada para el cierre de la enterocolotomía tras hemicolectomía derecha con anastomosis intracorpórea. Estudio prospectivo descriptivo.

INTRODUCTION: Performing intracorporeal anastomoses and sutures is possibly the technique that requires the greatest skill in laparoscopic surgery. The appearance of the new barbed sutures in recent years has seemed to facilitate this surgical step. The aim of our study is to evaluate short-term results in patients with neoplasms of the right colon, after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis using barbed suture at the closure of the enterocolotomy. METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, descriptive study that includes patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for neoplastic colonic pathologies between June 2015 and December 2018. In all patients, the intracorporeal anastomosis was performed using the endocutter, and closure of the enterocolotomy was done with a double layer of barbed suture. RESULTS: A total of 80 patients were treated (47.5% women), with an average age of 70.6±9 (49-92) years. The average operative time was 99.5±38minutes Anastomotic dehiscence was observed in 2.5% of the sample, and 5 patients required re-operation (6.2%) as a result of 2leaks, 2obstructive symptoms and one peritoneal bleeding. Mean hospital stay was 7 (3-173) days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of barbed suture in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis seems to present a morbidity similar to series described in literature. Prospective, controlled and randomized studies with a larger number of patients would be necessary to confirm these findings.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of uncommon rectal lesions. / Microcirugía endoscópica transanal en el tratamiento de lesiones rectales atípicas.

INTRODUCTION: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was developed as a less aggressive alternative treatment for rectal lesions (mainly adenomas and adenocarcinomas). However, its use for other rectal lesions has become more frequent, trying to reduce the morbidity associated with more invasive techniques. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in the use of TEM in other rectal lesions. METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients operated with TEM (from June 2008 to December 2016) for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas. RESULTS: Among the 138 patients treated by TEM in our department, 10 patients were operated on for rectal lesions other than adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Rectal lesions were 3neuroendocrine tumours, a neuroendocrine tumour metastasis, a rectal stenosis, a cloacogenic polyp, an endometrioma, a retrorrectal tumour, a presacral abscess and a lesion in the rectovaginal septum. Mean operative time was 72min and postoperative stay was 4.2 days. Only one patient needed a reoperation, due to rectal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: TEM could be a useful tool for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas, potentially decreasing the morbidity associated with more aggressive surgical techniques.

Microcirugía endoscópica transanal en el tratamiento de lesiones rectales atípicas / Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of uncommon rectal lesions

Introducción: La microcirugía endoscópica transanal (TEM) se diseña como una alternativa menos agresiva en el tratamiento de lesiones rectales (principalmente adenomas y adenocarcinomas). Sin embargo, su uso se ha ampliado a otras lesiones rectales para intentar disminuir la morbilidad añadida a técnicas más invasivas. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar nuestra experiencia en el uso de la TEM en el tratamiento de otras lesiones rectales, diferentes de adenomas y adenocarcinomas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en el que se incluyen pacientes intervenidos mediante TEM para el tratamiento de lesiones rectales (diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas) desde junio de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Entre los 138 pacientes operados mediante TEM en nuestro servicio, 10 fueron tratados por lesiones diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas. Las lesiones rectales fueron 3tumores neuroendocrinos primarios, una metástasis de tumor neuroendocrino, una estenosis rectal, un pólipo cloacogénico, un endometrioma, un tumor retrorrectal, un absceso presacro y una lesión sin filiar en tabique rectovaginal. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 72 min y la estancia postoperatoria de 4,2 días. Solo un paciente necesitó reintervención por rectorragia. Conclusiones: La aplicación del TEM para el tratamiento de lesiones rectales diferentes a adenomas o adenocarcinomas puede ser una herramienta útil que potencialmente ayude a disminuir la morbilidad asociada a otros tipos de técnicas quirúrgicas más invasivas (AU)

Introduction: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was developed as a less aggressive alternative treatment for rectal lesions (mainly adenomas and adenocarcinomas). However, its use for other rectal lesions has become more frequent, trying to reduce the morbidity associated with more invasive techniques. The aim of this study is to describe our experience in the use of TEM in other rectal lesions. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients operated with TEM (from June 2008 to December 2016) for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Results: Among the 138 patients treated by TEM in our department, 10 patients were operated on for rectal lesions other than adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Rectal lesions were 3neuroendocrine tumours, a neuroendocrine tumour metastasis, a rectal stenosis, a cloacogenic polyp, an endometrioma, a retrorrectal tumour, a presacral abscess and a lesion in the rectovaginal septum. Mean operative time was 72min and postoperative stay was 4.2 days. Only one patient needed a reoperation, due to rectal bleeding. Conclusions: TEM could be a useful tool for the treatment of rectal lesions different from adenomas or adenocarcinomas, potentially decreasing the morbidity associated with more aggressive surgical techniques (AU)

[Revision bariatric surgery after endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty]. / Revisión quirúrgica bariátrica tras gastroplastia vertical endoscópica.

BACKGROUND: Attempts are being made in recent years to replace open surgery with endoscopic techniques in some obese patients when medical treatment fails, as they are considered to be less-invasive procedures. To date, there is little scientific evidence regarding their effectiveness. CLINICAL CASES: The cases are reported of 2 patients who attended our surgery looking for an effective bariatric surgical treatment after failed endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy after failure of an endoscopic technique does not offer great variation from the standard technique.

¿Qué se investiga en cáncer de recto? / What's new in rectal cancer research

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evidencia clínica tiene más peso en las especialidades médicas que en las quirúrgicas. El cáncer de recto (CR) no es una excepción. En este artículo, nos hemos planteado explorar de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa, qué cuestiones y materias relacionadas con el CR están siendo investigadas en el momento actual y, posteriormente, analizar esta información para conocer qué respuestas podrá darnos la investigación clínica en el futuro. MÉTODOS: La obtención de datos se realizó en abril de 2014 y se basó en 3 fuentes: 2 registros institucionales de ensayos clínicos, -el registro americano (clinicaltrials.gov) y el registro europeo (EU Clinical Trials Register) - y una encuesta realizada a través de la Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP). Los estudios obtenidos fueron exportados a una base de datos diseñada especialmente para esta revisión, en la que se incluyeron además una serie de elementos descriptivos que permitieran la catalogación de los estudios. Los resultados de la encuesta AECP fueron analizados de forma separada. RESULTADOS: Hay actualmente en marcha 216 estudios referidos al CR. Dos tercios son fundamentalmente oncológicos. Casi un tercio son quirúrgicos. Las líneas de investigación se centran en la mejora del tratamiento preoperatorio: nuevos fármacos, nuevos esquemas de quimiorradioterapia (generalmente de inducción o consolidación) u optimización de la radioterapia y sus efectos. Los ensayos clínicos quirúrgicos estudian aspectos relacionados con robótica, laparoscopia, estomas, anastomosis bajas, CR distal y tratamiento local. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los estudios actuales sobre CR analizan aspectos relacionados con la quimiorradioterapia y sus efectos. Un tercio se centran en temas especialmente quirúrgicos

INTRODUCTION: Clinical evidence has a more significant role in medical specialties than in surgery. Rectal cancer (CR) is no exception. This paper explores what CR-related subjects are being investigated at the present time in a quantitative and qualitative way and analyzes this information to know what possible answers clinical research could give us in the future. METHODS: The data collection was carried out in April 2014 and was based on 3 sources: 2 institutional clinical trials registries -American (clinicaltrials.gov) and European (EU Clinical Trials Register)- and a survey given to members of the Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP). The obtained studies were exported to a database designed especially for this review, which included a number of descriptive elements that would allow the cataloging of the different studies. The AECP survey results were analyzed separately. RESULTS: There are currently 216 clinical trials ongoing related to CR. Two-thirds are primarily conducted by oncologists. Nearly a third are surgical. The research focuses on improving preoperative treatment: new drugs, new schemes of chemo-radiotherapy (usually induction or consolidation schemes) or optimization of radiotherapy and its effects. Surgical clinical trials are related to robotics, laparoscopy, stoma, low colorectal anastomosis, distal CR and local treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the current clinical trials ongoing on CR are analyzing aspects of chemo-radiotherapy and its effects. A third focus on purely surgical issues

What is being researched in rectal cancer? / ¿Qué se investiga en cáncer de recto?

INTRODUCTION: Clinical evidence has a more significant role in medical specialties than in surgery. Rectal cancer (CR) is no exception. This paper explores what CR-related subjects are being investigated at the present time in a quantitative and qualitative way and analyzes this information to know what possible answers clinical research could give us in the future. METHODS: The data collection was carried out in April 2014 and was based on 3 sources: 2 institutional clinical trials registries -American (clinicaltrials.gov) and European (EU Clinical Trials Register)- and a survey given to members of the Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP). The obtained studies were exported to a database designed especially for this review, which included a number of descriptive elements that would allow the cataloging of the different studies. The AECP survey results were analyzed separately. RESULTS: There are currently 216 clinical trials ongoing related to CR. Two-thirds are primarily conducted by oncologists. Nearly a third are surgical. The research focuses on improving preoperative treatment: new drugs, new schemes of chemo-radiotherapy (usually induction or consolidation schemes) or optimization of radiotherapy and its effects. Surgical clinical trials are related to robotics, laparoscopy, stoma, low colorectal anastomosis, distal CR and local treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the current clinical trials ongoing on CR are analyzing aspects of chemo-radiotherapy and its effects. A third focus on purely surgical issues.

Indicaciones y resultados de la microcirugía endoscópica transanal en el tratamiento de los tumores rectales en una serie consecutiva de 52 pacientes / Indications and results of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the treatment of rectal tumours in a consecutive series of 52 patients

El abordaje abdominal para el tratamiento de los tumores rectales se asocia a una morbilidad considerable. La microcirugía endoscópica transanal (TEM) supone una técnica alternativa, menos invasiva que la cirugía radical, y por tanto, con una menor morbilidad asociada. Además, con una correcta selección de pacientes, la TEM presenta resultados oncológicos equiparables a la cirugía radical. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar nuestros resultados con TEM y discutir sus indicaciones en el tratamiento de los tumores rectales. Pacientes y método Estudio observacional con recogida prospectiva de datos desde junio de 2008 hasta enero de 2011. Las indicaciones de TEM fueron: lesiones benignas rectales no susceptibles de resección mediante colonoscopia; lesiones rectales neoplásicas precoces (T1N0M0) con factores de buen pronóstico; lesiones neoplásicas con estadios más avanzados en pacientes seleccionados (alto riego quirúrgico, negación de cirugía radical o estoma e intención paliativa).Resultados Se realizó resección mediante TEM a 52 pacientes (35 lesiones benignas y 17 malignas). La estancia media hospitalaria ha sido de 4,9 días con una morbilidad asociada del 15,3%. La resección R0 en adenomas y carcinomas fue del 97,1% y 88,8% respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento de 15 (3-31) meses, se ha evidenciado una recidiva de un adenoma que ha vuelto a ser intervenido mediante TEM. Conclusiones La TEM es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de lesiones rectales benignas y malignas precoces seleccionadas, asociada a una baja morbilidad. No obstante, se trata de una estrategia terapéutica, basada en un equipo multidisciplinario, fundamentada en una cuidadosa selección de pacientes, una técnica quirúrgica auditada y un estricto protocolo de seguimiento (AU)

Introduction: The abdominal approach for the treatment of rectal tumours is associated with considerable morbidity. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a technical alternative, and less invasive than radical surgery, and thus, with a lower associated morbidity. Also, with the correct selection of patients, TEM shows similar oncological results to radicalsurgery. The objective of this study is to review our results with TEM and discuss its indications in the treatment of rectal tumours. Patients and method: An observational, retrospective study with prospective collection of data conducted from June 2008 to January 2011. TEM indications were: benign rectaltumours non-resectable using colonoscopy; early malignant rectal tumours (T1N0M0) with good prognostic factors: neoplastic tumours in more advanced stages in selected patients(high surgical risk, refused radical surgery or stoma and palliative care).Results: A resection was performed using TEM on 52 patients (35 benign and 17 malignant tumours). The mean hospital stay was 4.9 days, with an associated morbidity of 15.3%. TheR0 resection in adenomas and carcinomas was 97.1% and 88.8% respectively. During afollow-up of 15 (3-31) months, one recurrence of an adenoma was observed which was reoperated on using TEM. Conclusions: TEM is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of benign and selected early malignant rectal tumours, and is associated with a low morbidity. However, it is a therapeutic strategy based on a multidisciplinary team, basically with careful selection of patients, a validated technique and a strict follow-up protocol (AU)

Síndrome de Lynch: genética y cirugía / Lynch syndrome: genetics and surgery

El cáncer colorrectal hereditario no polipósico o síndrome de Lynch, causado por mutaciones germinales en genes reparadores de bases desapareadas de ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN), es la forma más frecuente de cáncer colorrectal hereditario. La identificación de estos individuos no es fácil y se basa en criterios clínicos y moleculares. Se expone a continuación una revisión sobre genética y diagnóstico en el síndrome de Lynch, así como sobre su manejo quirúrgico y prevención (AU)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch Syndrome, caused by germinal mutations in mismatch deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair genes, is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. The identification of these individuals is not easy and is based on clinical and molecular criteria. A review is presented on the genetics and diagnosis in Lynch Syndrome, as well as on its surgical management and prevention (AU)